Marka la eego macnaha Epic Music, Apple SVP ee Naqshadeynta Jonathan Ive wuxuu ku soo koobay hordhaciisa Apple Watch ereyadan muuqaal ku yaal bogga Apple.
Fiidiyowyo taxane ah oo la sii daayay bishii Maarso ayaa lagu soo beegay soo bandhigida madaxa Apple Tim Cook ee Apple Watch, kaas oo ka hadlaya saacadda "isbeddelka ciyaarta" (sida ay u arkaan), laakiin dabcan waxaan xiiseyneynaa kuwa muujiya aluminium.iyo birta aan la taaban karin ee loo isticmaalo dhismaha qalabka.
Sharaxaada Alaabta
| 304/L (UNS S30400/UNS S30403) PEMICAL % (MAX .) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cr Chromium | Ni Nikkel | C Kaarboon | Mo Molybdenum | Mn Manganese | Si Silikoon | Ph Fosfooraska | S Baaruud |
| 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-12.0 | 0.030 | 0.0 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.30 |
| 316/L (UNS S31600/UNS S31603) PEMICAL % (MAX .) | |||||||
| Cr Chromium | Ni Nikkel | C Kaarboon | Mo Molybdenum | Mn Manganese | Si Silikoon | Ph Fosfooraska | S Baaruud |
| 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 0.030 | 2.0-3.0 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.30* |
Tuubooyinka gariiradda tayada leh
Waxaanu nahay khabiir ku takhasusay tuubooyinka gariiradda, isagoo leh khibrad iyo farsamooyin si aan ula kulanno adeegga leexinta tubbada, dhammaan tuubooyinka waxaa lagu tijaabiyaa 100% cadaadiska ku habboon, tuubooyinka gudaha iyo dibeddaba waa nadiif oo isku day inaad xirto,
- foorarsi sax ah
- Qalloocis jilicsan
- Dusha qallafsanaanta Ra <0.5 μm
- Dulqaadka caadiga ah: ASTM A269, ama D4/T4
Ka dib marka la nadiifiyo, toosinta tuubooyinka birta aan fiicnayn waa jilicsanaan, tuubooyinka waa la foorarsan karaa, la samayn karaa, laga sameeyay jihooyin iyo xaglo kala duwan, nidaamka kulaylka, tuubooyinka caadiga ah waa U laabashada iyo tuubooyinka gariiradda, sidoo kale warshadaha cuntada, waxay yihiin heerka cuntada birta aan lahayn.
Caadiga ah Cabbirrada Gariiradda Tuubbada Aan-Aabaha lahayn
Tuubbada birta ah ee aan fiicnayn waxaa loogu talagalay qaab gariiradda, dhexroor yar yar guud ahaan, dhererka tuubada ugu badnaan waxay noqon kartaa 1000 mitir, iyada oo aan lahayn wax bir ah oo wadajir ah, waxaa jira cabbirro kala duwan oo kala duwan oo ah tuubooyinka birta ah ee duubista, dhexroorka dibadda ee caadiga ah ayaa hoos lagu bixiyaa, iyo dhumucda derbiga laga bilaabo 0.0275 inch - 0.083 inch, dhererka ugu badan wuxuu gaaraa 1000 mitir.
Gariiradda Tuubbada Birta Aanay Ahayn ee Iftiirta Annealing
Waxaan bixinaa tuubo welded oo aan fiicneyn oo qaab duuban, waaberiga qabow waa in la sameeyaa, haddii loo baahdo, nidaam sax ah ayaa la heli karaa, si loo helo dusha siman, tuubooyinka waxaa lagu farsameyn karaa dhammaystir dhalaalaya oo dhalaalaya.,
Faa'iidooyinka Tubooyinka Isku Dufan
Gariiradda tuubooyinka birta ah ee birta ah waxay leeyihiin iska caabin heerkul sare oo heer sare ah iyo iska caabin daxalka, marka la barbar dhigo tuubada cooper, dhumucdiisuna waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa 30% - 60%, ma aha mid dhuuban oo aad u dhumuc weyn, ma aha miridhku iyo fayodhowr, yaraynta wakhtiga dayactirka, badbaadinta kharashka , fududahay in la rakibo oo la beddelo.
Ma aha oo kaliya inay adag tahay oo dhalaalaya, waa mid aad u waara - sida Arnold Schwarzenegger oo kale maalmihii saladhka bamka birta.
Haddaba sidee buu 316L uga duwan yahay Vanilla 316 birta aan dahsoon?Toosan 316 waa isku darka austenitic ee chromium iyo nikkel leh molybdenum, waayo iska caabinta daxalka 316L waxay leedahay kaarboon hoose oo hoose, kaas oo ka caawiya birta inay sii ahaato mid adkaysi u leh alxanka ka dib.(Farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya 316 iyo 304 waa in 316 ay si fiican u xakameyso heerkulka kuleylka.)
Nooca 316L waa nooca kaarboonka aadka u hooseeya ee Nooca 316 kaas oo yareeya qiiqa karbidhida waxyeelada leh inta lagu jiro alxanka.(Xusuusin tifaftiraha: 316 farsamo ahaan ka kooban ugu badnaan 0.08% kaarboon, halka 316L uu leeyahay ugu badnaan 0.03%).
Codsiyada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah manifolds qiiqa, qaybaha foornada, kulaylka beddelayaasha, qaybaha mishiinka jetka, qalabka dawooyinka iyo sawirada, valve iyo bamka gudaha, qalabka kiimikada, dheef-shiidka, taangiyada kaydinta, uumiga, saxarka, qalabka waraaqaha iyo dharka, qaybaha iyo dhuumaha daboolay jawiga badda.
Nooca 316L ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhismaha alxanka ah halkaas oo ay ka difaacdo roobabka carbide ee alxanka, taasoo bixisa iska caabin heersare ah.
Sida Ive ku sheegay muuqaalka, qorshayaasha gabowga ee Apple way sii adkaadeen - ama ugu yaraan alaabtii alaabteedii ugu dambaysay ayaa sii adkaatay.
Apple waxay qaadataa 316L bir ah, ka dibna waxay ku dhejinaysaa "taxane isku dhafan iyo mashiinno" si ay kiisku u sii xoogaystaan, oo ay ugu makiinayan habka foornada qabow.wasakhda ugu yar iyo adkaanta dammaanad qaaday.Foornooyinka ayaa markaa lagu shiiday "mashiinka wax-shiidka ee kanaalka badan ee 12-ka ah", kaas oo hubinaya "midnimada saxda ah ee jirka oo dhan".Kadibna si xirfadaysan ayaa loo "sifay in muraayad lagu dhammeeyo".
Siddooyinka suunka Milanese waxaa lagu tolaa siddooyin khafiif ah oo bir ah si ay u sameeyaan "mesh dareere ah" oo u eg dharka, iyo jijinku wuxuu ka kooban yahay qiyaastii 140 qaybood oo gaar ah.
Midkoodna ma caawinayo marka aad ku waydo tagsiga ama lagaa xado, laakiin hubaal waxay ku dadaalaysaa inay caddeyso qiimaha saldhigga ah $ 549!
Sida laga soo xigtay khabiirkayaga birta aan lahayn ee guriga dhexdiisa Kathy Benchin Olsen, dhididku waa milix, sidaas awgeed waxa macno leh in la isticmaalo birta aan nadiifka ahayn ee chloride-ka."Ninkayga Jeff (ma ahan khabiir birta-daawaha ah) wuxuu leeyahay birta aan-waranka lahayn ee Apple Watch waxay ka ilaalin doontaa xitaa kuwa dhididka badan," ayay tiri.Sababta kale ee loo isticmaalo 316L waxay noqon kartaa in ay si fiican uga hortagto qashinka haddii ay leedahay ketchup ama suugo kale.
Warshadu waxa ay dhab ahaantii soo saartaa 316/316L, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in uu yahay laba shahaado, sida uu sheegay Olsen;Si kale haddii loo dhigo, 316L waa 316 shahaado sababtoo ah sidoo kale waa 316 waafaqsan.
MetalMiner IndX℠ waxay leedahay 316/316L iyo kharashyo dheeri ah oo la xidhiidha in ka badan 25 dhibcood oo ay ku jiraan:
Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha Apple ayaa laga yaabaa inay eegeen IndX℠, keydka xogta adduunka ugu weyn ee kharashyada birta-la'aanta ah…ma haysaa?
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Waqtiga boostada: Mar-31-2023