Codsiyada dalabka ah ee soo gaadhay dareerayaasha wasakhaysan sida biyaha badda iyo xalalka kiimikaad, injineeradu waxay dhaqan ahaan u weecdeen in ay helaan alaabo nikkel ah oo aad u sarreeya sida Alloy 625 oo ah doorashada caadiga ah.Rodrigo Signorelli wuxuu sharxayaa sababta alloysyada nitrogen ee sarreeya ay u yihiin beddelka dhaqaale oo leh caabbinta daxalka oo kordhay.
316L alaab-qeybiyeyaal tuubbada gariiradda birta ah
Cabbirrada Tuubbada Birta Aan Lahayn
.125″ OD X .035″ W | 0.125 | 0.035 | 6,367 |
.250″ OD X .035″ W | 0.250 | 0.035 | 2,665 |
.250″ OD X .035″ W (15 Ra Max) | 0.250 | 0.035 | 2,665 |
.250″ OD X .049″ W | 0.250 | 0.049 | 2,036 |
.250″ OD X .065″ W | 0.250 | 0.065 | 1,668 |
.375″ OD X .035″ W | 0.375 | 0.035 | 1,685 |
.375″ OD X .035″ W (15 Ra Max) | 0.375 | 0.035 | 1,685 |
.375″ OD X .049″ W | 0.375 | 0.049 | 1,225 |
.375″ OD X .065″ W | 0.375 | 0.065 | 995 |
.500″ OD X .035″ W | 0.500 | 0.035 | 1,232 |
.500″ OD X .049″ W | 0.500 | 0.049 | 909 |
.500″ OD X .049″ W (15 Ra Max) | 0.500 | 0.049 | 909 |
.500″ OD X .065″ W | 0.500 | 0.065 | 708 |
.750″ OD X .049″ W | 0.750 | 0.049 | 584 |
.750″ OD X .065″ W | 0.750 | 0.065 | 450 |
6 MM OD X 1 MM W | 6mm | 1mm | 2,610 |
8 MM OD X 1 MM W | 8mm | 1mm | 1,863 |
10 MM OD X 1 MM W | 10mm | 1mm | 1,449 |
12 MM OD X 1 MM W | 12mm | 1mm | 1,188 |
Tubooyinka Isku-xidhka Bir-la'aanta ah ee Kiimikada
T304/L (UNS S30400/UNS S30403) | ||||
Cr | Chromium | 18.0 - 20.0 | ||
Ni | Nikkel | 8.0 - 12.0 | ||
C | Kaarboon | 0.035 | ||
Mo | Molybdenum | N/A | ||
Mn | Manganese | 2.00 | ||
Si | Silikoon | 1.00 | ||
P | Fosfooraska | 0.045 | ||
S | Baaruud | 0.030 | ||
T316/L (UNS S31600/UNS S31603) | ||||
Cr | Chromium | 16.0 - 18.0 | ||
Ni | Nikkel | 10.0 - 14.0 | ||
C | Kaarboon | 0.035 | ||
Mo | Molybdenum | 2.0 - 3.0 | ||
Mn | Manganese | 2.00 | ||
Si | Silikoon | 1.00 | ||
P | Fosfooraska | 0.045 | ||
S | Baaruud | 0.030 |
Birta Aan Lahayn ee aan Xumaan lahayn 316/L Cabirrada Tuubbada Isku Xidhan
OD | Darbiga | ID |
1/16” | .010 | .043 |
(.0625) | .020 | .023 |
1/8" | .035 | .055 |
(.1250) | ||
1/4” | .035 | .180 |
(.2500”) | .049 | .152 |
.065 | .120 | |
3/8" | .035 | .305 |
(.3750”) | .049 | .277 |
.065 | .245 | |
1/2” | .035 | .430 |
(.5000”) | .049 | .402 |
.065 | .370 | |
5/8” | .035 | .555 |
(.6250”) | .049 | .527 |
3/4” | .035 | .680 |
(.7500”) | .049 | .652 |
.065 | .620 | |
.083 | .584 | |
.109 | .532 |
Darajooyinka la heli karo ee Tubooyinka birta ah ee duuban / tuubooyinka gariiradda
ASTM A213/269/249 | UNS | EN 10216-2 Xadhig la'aan / EN 10217-5 Welded | Qalabka No. (WNr) |
---|---|---|---|
304 | S30400 | X5CrNi18-10 | 1.4301 |
304L | S30403 | X2CrNi19-11 | 1.4306 |
304H | S30409 | X6CrNi18-11 | 1.4948 |
316 | S31600 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 1.4401 |
316L | S31603 | X2CrNiMo17-2-2 | 1.4404 |
316Ti | S31635 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | 1.4571 |
317L | S31703 | FeMi35Cr20Cu4Mo2 | 2.4660 |
Tayada iyo shahaado-siinta ayaa go'aamiya doorashada qalabka nidaamyada sida saxannada kuleyliyaha (PHEs), dhuumaha iyo matoorada warshadaha saliidda iyo gaaska.Tilmaamaha farsamada waxay hubiyaan in hantidu ay bixiso sii socoshada geedi socodka muddada dheer ee nolosha iyadoo la hubinayo tayada, badbaadada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka.Tani waa sababta hawl wadeeno badan ay ugu daraan aluminium nikkel ah sida Alloy 625 sifooyinkooda iyo heerarkooda.
Hadda, si kastaba ha ahaatee, injineerada ayaa lagu qasbay inay xaddidaan kharashyada raasumaalka, iyo aluminiumyada nikkelku waa qaali waxayna u nugul yihiin isbeddelka qiimaha.Tan waxa la iftiimiyay bishii Maarj 2022 markii qiimaha nikelku uu labanlaabmay usbuuc gudihiis oo ay ugu wacan tahay ganacsiga suuqa, taasoo ka dhigaysa cinwaanno.Iyadoo qiimaha sare uu ka dhigan yahay aluminium nikkel ah oo qaali ah in la isticmaalo, isbeddelkaani wuxuu abuuraa caqabado maamul ee injineerada naqshadeynta maaddaama isbeddelka qiimaha degdega ah uu si lama filaan ah u saameyn karo faa'iidada.
Natiijo ahaan, injineero badan oo naqshadeeyayaasha ayaa hadda diyaar u ah inay ku beddelaan Alloy 625 beddelaadyo inkastoo ay og yihiin inay ku tiirsanaan karaan tayada.Furaha ayaa ah in la aqoonsado daawaynta saxda ah ee heerka ku habboon ee iska caabbinta daxalka ee nidaamyada biyaha badda iyo bixinta daawaha u dhigma sifooyinka farsamada.
Mid ka mid ah maaddooyinka u qalma waa EN 1.4652, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Outokumpu's Ultra 654 SMO.Waxaa loo arkaa birta daxalka ah ee ugu adkeysi badan adduunka.
Nickel Alloy 625 waxa uu ka kooban yahay ugu yaraan 58% nikkel, halka Ultra 654 uu ka kooban yahay 22%.Labaduba waxay leeyihiin qiyaastii chromium iyo molybdenum isku mid ah.Isla mar ahaantaana, Ultra 654 SMO waxa kale oo ku jira qadar yar oo nitrogen, manganese iyo copper ah, 625 alloy ka kooban niobium iyo titanium, qiimihiisuna aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa kan nikkel.
Isla mar ahaantaana, waxay ka dhigan tahay horumar la taaban karo oo ka sarreeya 316L birta aan fiicnayn, taas oo inta badan loo tixgeliyo barta bilawga ah ee waxqabadka sare ee birta aan fiicnayn.
Marka la eego waxqabadka, daawadu waxay leedahay iska caabin aad u wanaagsan oo u leh daxalka guud, iska caabin aad u sarreeya oo u ah daxalka iyo daxalka dillaaca, iyo iska caabin wanaagsan oo u adkaysta dildilaaca daxalka.Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka ay timaado nidaamka biyaha badda, daawaha birta ah ee aan lahayn ayaa faa'iido u leh daawaha 625 sababtoo ah caabbinta wanaagsan ee deegaanka chloride.
Biyaha baddu aad bay u daxaloobaan sababtoo ah waxa ku jira milixdu oo dhan 18,000-30,000 oo qaybood halkii milyan ee ion koloride ah.Chlorides waxay soo bandhigtaa halista daxalka kiimikaad ee darajooyin badan oo bir ah.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, noolaha ku jira biyaha badda ayaa sidoo kale samayn kara biofilms kuwaas oo keena fal-celinta elektiroonigga ah oo saameeya waxqabadka.
Iyada oo ay ku jirto nikkel iyo molybdenum hoose, isku dhafka Ultra 654 SMO wuxuu keenaa kayd qiimo badan marka loo eego qeexida sare ee caadiga ah ee 625 iyadoo la ilaalinayo isla heerka waxqabadka.Tani waxay badiyaa badbaadisaa 30-40% kharashka.
Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo la dhimayo nuxurka walxaha alloying ee qiimaha leh, birta aan nadiifka ahayn waxay sidoo kale yareyneysaa khatarta isbeddelka suuqa nikkel.Natiijo ahaan, soosaarayaashu waxay aad ugu kalsoonaan karaan saxnaanta hindisahooda naqshadeynta iyo xigashooyinka.
Qalabka farsamada ee agabku waa arrin kale oo muhiim u ah injineerada.Tuubooyinka, kulaylka beddelayaasha, iyo nidaamyada kale waa in ay u adkeystaan cadaadis sare, heerkulka isbeddelaya, iyo inta badan gariirka farsamada ama shoogga.Ultra 654 SMO si fiican ayuu meeshan ugu yaal.Waxay leedahay awood sare oo la mid ah daawaha 625 waxayna aad uga sareysaa birta kale ee aan nadiifka ahayn.
Isla mar ahaantaana, wax-soo-saarayaashu waxay u baahan yihiin qalab la samayn karo oo la alxan karo kuwaas oo bixiya wax soo saar degdeg ah oo si sahal ah loogu heli karo qaabka alaabta la rabo.
Marka la eego, daawadu waa doorasho wanaagsan sababtoo ah waxay haysaa qaab-dhismeed wanaagsan iyo fidinta wanaagsan ee darajooyinka austenitic-dhaqameedka, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon naqshadaynta taarikada kulaylka xooggan oo fudud.
Waxa kale oo ay leedahay alxanka wanaagsan oo waxaa lagu heli karaa noocyo kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan gariiradda iyo go'yaal ilaa 1000mm ballaaran iyo 0.5 ilaa 3mm ama 4 ilaa 6mm qaro weyn.
Faa'iidada kale ee kharashka ayaa ah in daawadu ay leedahay cufnaanta hoose marka loo eego alloy 625 (8.0 vs. 8.5 kg/dm3).Inkasta oo farqigani aanu u muuqan mid muhiim ah, waxay yaraynaysaa tan 6%, taas oo kaa badbaadin karta lacag badan markaad iibsanayso bulk mashaariicda sida dhuumaha jirridda.
Sidan oo kale, cufnaanta hoose waxay ka dhigan tahay in qaabka la dhammeeyey uu noqon doono mid fudud, taas oo sahlaysa saadka, kor u qaadista iyo rakibidda.Tani waxay si gaar ah faa'iido u leedahay codsiyada badda-hoosaadka iyo xeebaha halkaas oo nidaamyada culus ay aad u adag tahay in la maareeyo.
Marka la eego dhammaan sifooyinka iyo faa'iidooyinka Ultra 654 SMO - iska caabbinta daxalka sare iyo xoogga farsamada, xasilloonida kharashka iyo awoodda si sax ah loo qorsheeyo - waxay si cad u leedahay suurtogalnimada inay noqoto mid tartan badan oo loo yaqaan 'nikkel alloys'.
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-27-2023